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I.R.F. / Aging news / General
There are reviews of the articles and information about aging in general (aging process; factors of aging; ways to slower this process etc.)
| March 19, 2010 Rapamycin and Life Extension |
| Inhibition of the TOR signalling pathway by genetic or pharmacological intervention extends lifespan in invertebrates, including yeast, nematodes and fruit flies; however, whether inhibition of mTOR signalling can extend lifespan in a mammalian species was unknown. Scientists report that rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mTOR pathway, extends median and maximal lifespan of both male and female mice when fed beginning at 600 days of age. … [find out more >>] |
| March 10, 2010 Muscle-derived Stem Cells |
| Skeletal muscle has been recognized as an essential source of progenitor or satellite cells, which are primarily responsible for muscle regeneration. Recently, muscle has also been identified as a valuable source of postnatal stem cells that appear to be distinct from satellite cells and possess the ability to differentiate into other cell lineage … [find out more >>] |
| February 25, 2010 Cord Blood Cells Produce Anti-inflammatory Cytokine IL-10 after Transplantation |
| It previous studies it has been shown that intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) mononuclear cells to mice improved blood glucose levels, survival, atherosclerosis and prostate cancer. In this study, scientists examined the effect of HUCB cells on the production of IL-10 levels in IL-10 knockout mice. … [find out more >>] |
| February 11, 2010 Aging Skin and Repair Techniques |
| Skin appearance is a primary indicator of age. During the last decade, substantial progress has been made toward understanding underlying mechanisms of human skin aging. This understanding provides the basis for current use and new development of antiaging treatments … [find out more >>] |
| January 29, 2010 Anticancer and Antiaging Activities of Ashwagandha, the Traditional Indian Herb |
| Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is an Ayurvedic shrub that forms a common ingredient of health supplements, tonics, and Indian home remedies designed to promote health and quality of life. Though sustained through experience and history, there are only a limited laboratory studies and experimental evidence to its effects … [find out more >>] |
| November 26, 2009 Fetal Cells |
| Fetal cells multiply significantly more rapidly and more often in culture. They can survive at lower oxygen tensions than those tolerated by mature cells and are therefore more resistant to hypoxia during in vitro manipulations. They also typically lack long extensions and strong intercellular adhesions … [find out more >>] |
| November 20, 2009 Polyphenols In Fruits And Its Anti-oxidative Stress Activity |
| Fresh fruit and vegetables exert multiple biological effects on the gastrointestinal mucosa. With the aim to assess whether apple extracts counteract oxidative or indomethacin induced damage to gastric epithelial cells in vitro and to rat gastric mucosa in vivo … [find out more >>] |
| November 16, 2009 SIRT1 And The Neuronal Survival Due To The Apoptotic Stimuli |
| The mechanism involved in neuronal apoptosis is largely unknown. Studies performed on neuronal cell cultures provide information about the pathways which orchestrate the process of neuronal loss and potential drugs for the treatment of neurological disorders. … [find out more >>] |
| October 26, 2009 Fetal Cells and Maternal Renal Function |
| It has been reported that fetal cells migrate into maternal blood and organs. Since these fetal chimeric cells could be involved in maternal allogeneic tolerance to the fetus, the fetal chimeric cells might be implicated in maternal-fetal immunology and development of maternal autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanism and role of fetal microchimerism remains unclear … [find out more >>] |
| October 8, 2009 Novel Players in Aging – Spermidine |
| Ageing results from complex genetically and epigenetically programmed processes that are elicited in part by noxious or stressful events that cause programmed cell death. Scientists report that administration of spermidine, a natural polyamine whose intracellular concentration declines during human ageing, markedly extended the lifespan of yeast, flies and worms, and human immune cells … [find out more >>] |
| October 5, 2009 Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells |
| Recently, scientists purified a rare population of primitive Sca1(+)/Lin(-)/CD45(-) cells from murine bone marrow by employing multiparameter cell sorting. Based on flow cytometric and gene expression analysis, these cells have been shown to express several markers of embryonic stem cells and were accordingly termed Very Small Embryonic-Like stem cells (VSELs) … [find out more >>] |
| September 18, 2009 Sun Effect on Facial Skin Aging |
| Quantitative methods were developed to assess the interrelation between age and sunlight on the facial skin of healthy women living in the same sunny area … [find out more >>] |
| September 14, 2009 Aged Stem Cell Properties in Wound Healing |
| Local injection of hematopoietic stem cell-enriched cells, including mouse lin- cells, accelerates vascularization in animal injury models, apparently by release of angiogenic factors … [find out more >>] |
| September 8, 2009 Aging Prevention by Cosmetic Procedures |
| In aesthetic dermatology, filling and laser treatments are two essential techniques. Several recent studies on calcium hydroxyapatite in filling treatments and facial volumetry, in esthetics, but also in HIV patients, have been published. It was also tested in accentuated melomental folds where it is superior to hyaluronic acid … [find out more >>] |
| August 6, 2009 Aging Immune System |
| Effects of aging on immune system are widespread. The development of T and B cells declines with age. The functions of matured T and B cell also decline with age. Consequently, infections present major clinical problems for elderly patients … [find out more >>] |
| August 3, 2009 Aging May Severely Affect Chemokine Production In Aging Mice |
| The technique of bulk cultivation of aged mouse spleen cells in high concentration of IL-2 was employed to obtain NK/LAK cells in sufficient number and enrichment for studies on the effects of aging on their functions … [find out more >>] |
| June 17, 2009 Autologous Cells for Brain Repair |
| Autologous brain cell transplantation might be useful for repairing lesions and restoring function of the central nervous system. Scientists have demonstrated that adult monkey brain cells, obtained from cortical biopsy and kept in culture for a few weeks, exhibit neural progenitor characteristics which make them useful for brain repair … [find out more >>] |
| May 6, 2009 Stem Cells in Aging Process |
| Aging is associated with a progressive failing of tissues and organs of the human body leading to a large number of age-related diseases. Regenerative medicine is an emerging clinical discipline that aims to employ cellular medicines (normal cells, ex vivo expanded cells, or tissue-engineered organs) to restore the functions of damaged or defective tissues and organs and thus to "rejuvenate" the failing aging body … [find out more >>] |
| November 19, 2008 Sirtuin and its Anti-aging Activity |
| Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological functions and metabolic processes. Healthy aging remains one of the ideals of modern society. In aging and in diseases associated with the elderly, such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's, the loss of cells in vital structures or organs may be related to several factors, among which the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria is a common denominator, one that leads to DNA damage, apoptosis and death … [find out more >>] |
| July 24, 2008 N-Acetylserotonin and Melatonin Antiaging Properties |
| It is generally accepted that antioxidant properties of melatonin significantly contribute to its antiaging effect. Antioxidant effects of N-acetylserotonin (NAS), a melatonin precursor and metabolite, might predict its antiaging action as well. The antiaging effect of NAS was studied in female retired breeders and male C3H mice. Both NAS and melatonin administered with drinking water prolonged life span in male animals by about 20% versus control animals (p < 0.01) but did not affect the life span of female mice … [find out more >>] |
| July 9, 2008 Stem Cell-derived Hepatic Progenitor Cells Engraft in Recipient Livers with Limited Capacity of Liver Tissue Formation |
| Directed endodermal differentiation of murine embryonic stem (ES) cells gives rise to a subset of cells with a hepatic phenotype. Such ES cell-derived hepatic progenitor cells (ES-HPC) can acquire features of hepatocytes in vitro, but fail to form substantial hepatocyte clusters in vivo. Scientist investigated whether this is due to inefficient engraftment or an immature phenotype of ES-HPC … [find out more >>] |
| June 30, 2008 Melatonin and its Functions |
| Melatonin is believed to scavenge the highly toxic hydroxyl radical, the peroxynitrite anion, and possibly the peroxyl radical. Also, secondarily, it reportedly scavenges the superoxide anion radical and it quenches singlet oxygen. Additionally, it stimulates mRNA levels for superoxide dismutase and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (all of which are antioxidative enzymes), thereby increasing its antioxidative capacity. Also, melatonin, at least at some sites, inhibits nitric oxide synthase, a pro-oxidative enzyme … [find out more >>] |
| June 20, 2008 Proteasomes, Mitochondrial Function, and Cellular Senescence |
| Proteasome plays fundamental roles in the removal of oxidized proteins and in the normal degradation of short-lived proteins. It has been known that the impairment in proteasome observed during the replicative senescence of human fibroblasts has significant effects on MAPK signaling, proliferation, life span, senescent phenotype, and protein oxidative status. These studies have demonstrated that proteasome inhibition and replicative senescence caused accumulation of intracellular protein carbonyl content. … [find out more >>] |
| June 18, 2008 The Olive Constituent Oleuropein and Life Span Extension |
| Normal human fibroblasts undergo replicative senescence due to both genetic and environmental factors. Senescence and aging can be further accelerated by exposure of cells to a variety of oxidative agents that contribute among other effects to the accumulation of damaged proteins. The proteasome, a multicatalytic nonlysosomal protease, has impaired function during aging, while its increased expression delays senescence in human fibroblasts. … [find out more >>] |
| June 16, 2008 Ginseng against DNA Damage |
| A majority of potential radioprotective synthetic compounds have demonstrated limited clinical application owing to their inherent toxicity, and thus, the seeking of naturally occurring herbal products, such as ginseng, for their radioprotective capability has become an attractive alternative. … [find out more >>] |
| April 23, 2008 The Pineal Gland and Melatonin in Relation to Aging |
| Within recent years, many investigators have implicated the pineal gland and melatonin in the processes of both aging and age-related diseases. These theories stem from the importance of melatonin in a number of biological functions and the fact that melatonin production in the organism is gradually lost throughout life, such that in very old individuals of any species the circadian melatonin rhythm is bearly discernible. … [find out more >>] |
| April 22, 2008 Pineal Gland, A Biological Clock |
| A precise temporal program for growth, fertility, aging, and death exists in the "pineal complex" of the brain. It tracks, like a "clock," the ontogenetic phases of our life program. Transplantation of a very old pineal gland into the thymus or under the kidney capsule of a young mouse produces acceleration of aging and early death. Scientist investigated the existence of such an inner biological clock on the assumption that a time exists in the pineal program when the pineal gland actively starts to deliver aging and death "signals" to the body, thus accomplishing its genetically inscribed sequence … [find out more >>] |
| January 29, 2008 Lipid Peroxidation, Lipofuscin and Anti-aging Drug Centrophenoxine in Age-related Decline in Multiple Unit Action Potentials |
| Changes in lipid peroxidation, lipofuscin concentration, and multiple unit activity (MUA recorded in conscious animals) in the CA3 region were studied in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats aged 4, 8, 16, and 24 months … [find out more >>] |
| January 28, 2008 Decrease of Na+, K(+)-ATPase Activity in Aging Brain |
| Effects of ageing on Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in crude synaptosomal fractions from the rat brain parietal cortex, hippocampus, striatum and thalamus has been studied … [find out more >>] |
| January 25, 2008 Anti-ageing Therapeutic Potential of L-deprenyl |
| Scientists investigated the influence of chronically administered L-deprenyl on normal ageing-related parameters: multiple unit action potentials, the activities of the enzymes Na(+), K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase, glutathione-s-transferase and glutathione peroxidase, and the levels of lipid peroxidation products and lipofuscin contents in the brain regions (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum and thalamus) of 24-month-old rats … [find out more >>] |
| January 24, 2008 Curcumin and its Anti-aging Potential |
| This study investigated the influence of chronically administered curcumin on normal ageing-related parameters: lipid peroxidation, lipofuscin concentration and intraneuronal lipofuscin accumulation, activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and Na(+), K(+), -adenosine triphosphatase (Na(+), K(+), -ATPase) in different brain regions (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and medulla) of 6- and 24-month-old rats … [find out more >>] |
| January 9, 2008 Growth Hormone Promotes Aging Process in Mice |
| Ames dwarf mice and Snell dwarf mice lack growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), live much longer than their normal siblings, and exhibit many symptoms of delayed aging … [find out more >>] |
| January 9, 2008 Rejuvenating Compound NT020 |
| During natural aging, adult stem cells are known to have a reduced restorative capacity and are more vulnerable to oxidative stress resulting in a reduced ability of the body to heal itself … [find out more >>] |
| December 21, 2007 HLA-A2 and its Role in Alzheimer’s Disease |
| Scientists suggests that the age of onset for Alzheimer's disease is influenced by the HLA-A2 gene or a neighboring gene on chromosome 6 that is closely linked to HLA-A2. In the 207 Alzheimer's disease patients who were studied, those who had the HLA-A2 gene developed Alzheimer's disease at a younger age than those who did not carry the gene. … [find out more >>] |
| December 20, 2007 Bad Habits Help to Avoid Parkinson's Disease |
| Inverse associations of Parkinson's disease (PD) with cigarette smoking, coffee drinking, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use have been reported individually, but their joint effects have not been examined. To quantify associations with PD for the individual, two-way and three-way combinations of these factors, a case-control association study with 1,186 PD patients and 928 controls was conducted. Subjects completed a structured questionnaire regarding smoking, coffee, and NSAID consumption … [find out more >>] |
| November 30, 2007 Examples of Fetal Cell Transplantation |
| Fetal cells are the cells used to treat multiple disorders. These days due to ethical issues fetal cells can not be taken as a norm. Cord blood is an alternative of the fetal cells as it has many similarities with fetal cells. Here we show few examples of fetal cell treatment, which may be similar for cord blood cells. … [find out more >>] |
| November 30, 2007 Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases – Antiaging Effect |
| Oxidative damage to proteins is considered to be one of the major causes of aging and age-related diseases, and thus mechanisms have evolved to prevent or reverse these modifications … [find out more >>] |
| October 4, 2007 Methionine-deficient Diet and Mouse Lifespan |
| A diet deficient in the amino acid methionine has previously been shown to extend lifespan in several stocks of inbred rats. Scientists report that a methionine-deficient (Meth-R) diet also increases maximal lifespan in (BALB/cJ x C57BL/6 J)F1 mice … [find out more >>] |
| October 3, 2007 Lipoapoptosis and Body Aging |
| The balance between cell division and cell death determines the cell population of an organ. When cell death exceeds cell replacement in an organ, a functional deficit is created … [find out more >>] |
| August 30, 2007 A Third Link Connecting Aging with Double Strand Break Repair |
| Until recently, the connection between aging and DNA repair has rested on two classes of observation. First, DNA damage and unrepaired double-strand breaks (DSBs) accumulate with age. Second, several defects in DNA repair genes are associated with early onset of age-related diseases and other signs of premature aging. Now, a third link has emerged … [find out more >>] |
| August 29, 2007 DNA Repair Systems and the Maintenance and Longevity of Stem Cells |
| Cellular DNA is under constant challenge by exogenous and endogenous genotoxic stress, which results in both transient and accumulated DNA damage and genomic instability. All cells are equipped with DNA damage response pathways that trigger DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and, if needed, apoptosis, to eliminate DNA damage or damaged cells. … [find out more >>] |
| August 27, 2007 Cardiac Repair with Bone Marrow Cells. Experimental Survey. |
| Heart failure associated with ischemic heart disease is a growing, worldwide epidemic. Traditionally, the myocardium has been considered to have a very limited capacity for self-regeneration. Therefore, the loss of vasculature and cardiac muscle cells that occurs during myocardial infarction leads to progressive heart failure in up to 50% of survivors. Because no currently available therapy is directly targeted toward replacement of lost cardiac tissue, the recent identification of adult stem cells has ignited significant interest in the possibility of using these cells for cardiovascular regeneration … [find out more >>] |
| July 4, 2007 Transplantation from Old to Young? |
| As more older patients become candidates for transplantation in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and nonhematologic diseases, the effects of aging on the homing of stem/progenitor cells are clinically relevant yet remain largely unexplored … [find out more >>] |
| June 30, 2007 Mesenchymal Stem Cells |
| Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are bone marrow populating cells, different from hematopoietic stem cells, which possess an extensive proliferative potential and ability to differentiate into various cell types, including: osteocytes, adipocytes, chondrocytes, myocytes, cardiomyocytes and neurons. MSCs seem to represent a future powerful tool in regenerative medicine, therefore they are particularly important in medical research. … [find out more >>] |
| October 18, 2006 Aging and Metabolism |
| The earliest manifestations of aging are changes in metabolism that result in increased fat deposition and reduced muscle mass, which lead to increased likelihood of developing "metabolic disease" (type II diabetes, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, and hypertension). Increased fat deposition in young (5 months old), in middle-aged (14 months old), and old (26 months old) male BN rats is illustrated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans. These metabolic changes are associated with declining GH, IGF-I, and sex steroid levels in the face of relative increases in glucocorticoid production, as well as insulin resistance and leptin resistance. Anorexia is commonly associated with aging … [find out more >>] |
| October 6, 2006 Altruistic Ageing |
| Ageing occurs in organisms that range from yeast to humans, but also in non-living systems such as automobiles. Do organisms become "rusty" and age like cars or is there a genetic program that guarantees that a specific age is reached? Gerontologists widely support theories of ageing that are based on the non-adaptive accumulation of stochastic damage to macromolecules that is caused by oxygen and other toxic species following the decline of the force of natural selection and the consequent decline in protection and repair mechanisms with increasing age. However, a series of pioneering genetic studies … [find out more >>] |
| September 26, 2006 The Telomere and Telomerase Connection to Aging and Cancer |
| Telomeres and telomerase are described. Replicative senescence, its crisis stage and evolution of maignancies are reviewed. Direct evidence that links telomere shortening to replicative senescence is shown. … [find out more >>] |
| September 26, 2006 Evolutionary Considerations in Aging and Cancer |
| Is cell division a risky process that accumulates mutations? How to prevent pre-malignant cells from dividing after accumulating only a few mutations, and block their progression? What are the natural tumor prevention strategies? How do senescent cells impact aging and tumorigenesis? … [find out more >>] |
| August 19, 2006 Aging: a Scientific Release of the Problem |
| A scientific release of aging problem is reviewed. What is aging after all? How to reduce the aging and reach the longevity? What is the goal of anti-aging medicine? How and why do we age prematurely? Can gene therapy and stem cell therapy be used as anti-aging treatment? The understanding of history of aging problem, theories of aging, pathophysiology and pathology of aging, as well as possible treatment programs could answer all these questions … [find out more >>] |
| August 18, 2006 Rejuvenation of Aging Skin |
| Methods of rejuvenating the aging skin are reviewed. Topical medications with retinoids (tretinoin). Cosmeceuticals, including examples like alpha and beta hydroxy acids, kinetin and other cytokinins. Cosmetic skin rejuvenation procedures, including Botulinum toxin, injectable dermal fillers, nonablative light-based procedures, chemical peels, dermabrasion, laser resurfacing and cosmetic surgery. General rules for preservation of youthful skin appearance are also reviewed … [find out more >>] |
| August 17, 2006 Lipopigments and Aging Nervous System |
| A principal marker of brain vulnerability, stress, aging, and related pathology is represented by lipopigments – lipofuscin and ceroid. During ontogenesis, neuronal lipopigment accumulations are significantly correlated with important changes in nerve cell morphology and biochemistry. In the aged neurons, lipopigments are present in all cellular compartments. Moreover, neuronal lipopigment accumulations coexist with glial lipopigment storage, especially in microglia. Owing to their transporting properties, and the migration capacity of microglia, glial cells deposit lipopigment clusters in pericapillary areas. Thus, lipopigment conglomerates appear in the whole nervous tissue, creating specific patterns of lipopigment architectonics … [find out more >>] |
| July 14, 2006 Anti-aging and Self-regulation |
| The components of regimen for prolonging survival and decreasing mortality rate are reviewed. The role of meditation and meditation-like practices in reducing oxidative stress and other forms of life-span reducing stress, as well as in reducing metabolic rate to extend longevity is analyzed. Physical aerobic exercise and special dietary programs with calorie restriction are also mentioned as the other primary components of the life-span prolonging regimen … [find out more >>] |
| June 29, 2006 Multiple Reasons of Aging |
| For much of the 20th century, the accumulation of a considerable amount of information about the processes of aging did not reveal the underlying mechanisms. Toward the end of that century, the biological basis for aging became very much clearer. It became apparent that the best strategy for animals’ survival was to develop to an adult, but not to invest resources in maintaining the body, or soma, indefinitely. In their natural environment, animals do not survive environmental hazards (predators, disease, starvation, and drought) to reach a long life span. There is thus a trade-off between the investment of resources in reproduction, and the survival time of the soma … [find out more >>] |
| June 28, 2006 The Anti-stress, Anti-impairment and Anti-aging Therapy for the Brain |
| A new direction in anti-aging medicine is the long-term administration of nutraceuticals (functional foods) coupled with regenerative bioactive factors. In conformity with their main objectives, these therapies may do one or more of the following: (i) decelerate, antagonize, and remove the "causes of aging," as well as diversify, improve, and efficiently increase the "causes of longevity"; (ii) have anti-stress, anti-impairment, and anti-aging actions;4 and (iii) synergistically protect, regulate, and recover the three key organs (liver, heart, and brain) of the human being. In anti-aging medicine, the role, characteristics, and functions of the brain determine specific objectives in order to … [find out more >>] |
| June 15, 2006 Hormesis and Aging |
| Hormesis is the term used to describe biological phenomena that are often adverse or detrimental but become beneficial when applied at low levels. The concept of biological hormesis is as important as that of homeostasis for the survival of the organism. The basic biological trait is the organism’s ability to resist and adapt appropriately to both internal and external stresses, and the hallmark of aging is the organism’s inability to withstand stress … [find out more >>] |
| May 25, 2006 Senescent Cell Antigen |
| During aging, changes in proteins occur that alter their function and render them immunogenic. These "neoantigens" are recognized by physiologic autoantibodies. Physiologic autoantibodies and their corresponding antigens offer therapeutic strategies for disease intervention through the innate immune response. Early studies done in the 1970s showed humans and animals to have physiologic antibodies that bind to a neoantigen called senescent cell antigen (SCA), which appears on senescent and damaged cells and initiates their removal by macrophages … [find out more >>] |
| May 12, 2006 Aging, – Simply Wear and Tear? |
| Aging is frequently viewed, albeit with inadequate logical justification, as solely the result of "wear and tear", as though it were a set of generic processes, intrinsic to the passage of time. Bluntly, this point of view suggests that we get old because we "wear out". The stance is often assumed to be obvious, self-explanatory, and without any need for support, logical or factual. Accurate within a very narrow conceptual domain, the view is nonetheless parochial and fails when applied in a wider biological framework … [find out more >>] |
| April 25, 2006 Lipofuscin and the Aging of Nervous System |
| Lipofuscin is membrane-bound cellular waste that can be neither degraded nor ejected from the cell but can only be diluted through cell division and subsequent growth. The fate of postmitotic cells is to accumulate lipofuscin, which as an "aging pigment" has been considered a reliable biomarker for the age of cells such as neurons and, by extension, their hosts. In the aging human brain, deposits of lipofuscin are not uniformly distributed but are concentrated in specific regions of functional interest … [find out more >>] |
| April 19, 2006 Effect of rhGH on Body Composition, Vascular Function and Structure in Old Male Wistar Rats |
| The process of aging affects negatively both cardiovascular system and body composition. On the other hand, the hormones of the somatotrophic axis, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), whose production is reduced by age, are involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GH on body composition, vascular function and structure in old male rats. Old (20 months) and adult (4 months) male Wistar rats were used … [find out more >>] |
| March 21, 2006 Lipofuscin and Melanin in Aging Cells |
| Early histologists observed that human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) contained two kinds of pigment granules, melanin and lipoidal granules. However, it was not until 1961 that a histochemical study by Streeten established that the lipoidal granules were similar to lipofuscin, the "age pigment" or "wear-and-tear pigment" of brain and other organs. She also noted that certain staining features of these RPE lipoidal granules were common to rod outer segments (ROS) … [find out more >>] |
| February 27, 2006 Age-Related Changes in Mitochondrial Function |
| A number of studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial integrity declines as a function of age. Age-dependent increases in the level of damaged DNA have been commonly assessed through biomarkers such as the formation of 8-ox-2-deoxoguanosine (oxo8dG) in post mitotic tissue such as brain. The levels of oxo8dG are significantly higher in mitochondrial compared to nuclear DNA. Reasons for these differences are thought to include the proximity of mitochondrial DNA to the source of oxidants and the lack of any protective histone covering. This postulated and observed increased sensitivity of mitochondrial DNA to oxidative damage has led to the concept of the "vicious cycle" in which an initial ROS-induced impairment of mitochondria leads to increased oxidant production that, in turn, leads to further mitochondrial damage … [find out more >>] |
| February 23, 2006 Aging Brain: DNA Damage or Neuron Loss? |
| Compelling evidence in the literature points to a central role of accumulation of nuclear (n) DNA damage in the aging process of postmitotic cells such as neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). However, the aging process does not affect the CNS uniformly. Rather various brain regions and types of neurons differ substantially in the amount of nDNA damage accumulation during aging. Specifically, more nDNA damage was found in the aging hippocampus than in the aging cerebellum … [find out more >>] |
| February 14, 2006 Hormone Replacement Therapy |
| It is tempting to believe that restoration of hormone levels to those that exist in young persons should universally be a desirable goal. In principle, the approach is simple, but hormone replacement therapy is a long-term proposition, possibly continuing for the rest of a patient’s life. The circulating levels of growth hormone, testosterone, estrogen, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and other hormones decrease with age. Supplementations with melatonin or DHEA, or injection of growth hormone, have all been promoted in highly visible books. However, the question of whether melatonin levels also decrease with age is controversial … [find out more >>] |
| February 8, 2006 Telomere Shortening with Age in Murine Chondrocytes |
| Linear chromosomes are capped by structures known as telomeres. In mammals, telomeres contain tandem repeats of TTAGGG double-stranded DNA. Telomere length varies among mammals. For example, in humans, telomeres are typically 10–15 kb whereas, in some strains of mice telomeres are approximately 100 kb in length. Telomerase, a nucleoprotein reverse transcriptase, elongates telomeres. However, most normal somatic human cells do not express telomerase activity and are unable to maintain telomere length with ongoing cell divisions. As a result, telomere length in replicating somatic cells tends to decrease with age in vivo and with time in culture at a rate of approximately 100 base pairs per cell division … [find out more >>] |
| January 20, 2006 Morphology of the Ageing Brain and Biophysical Properties of Aged Neurons |
| Age-related changes in the morphology of neurons are selective and it seems that there is no universal pattern across the entire brain. However, one finding that does seem to be consistent is that in most brain areas neuronal loss does not have a significant role in age-related cognitive decline. Rather, small, region-specific changes in dendritic branching and spine density are more characteristic of the effects of ageing on neuronal morphology. This is contrary to early investigations of aged nervous tissue in which profound neuron loss was reported to occur in advanced age … [find out more >>] |
| January 16, 2006 The Three Bridges to Longevity. Bridge Three (The Nanotechnology/AI Revolution) |
| The hallmarks of Bridge Three include development of artificial intelligence (AI) and molecular nanotechnology (MNT). Artificial Intelligence refers to non biological (computer) intelligence, while nanotechnology is a term coined by Dr. K. Eric Drexler at MIT in 1978 and which he elaborated in his seminal book, "Engines of Creation". MNT refers to machines that operate on the scale of nanometers and which will be able to create molecules one atom at a time much like our cellular machinery does today. As AI and MNT technologies combine with and are incorporated into our biological bodies, serious increases in human lifespan well beyond 120 years will be not only possible, but highly probable. … [find out more >>] |
| January 10, 2006 The Three Bridges to Longevity. Bridge Two (The Biotechnology Revolution) |
| Bridge Two consists largely of the biotechnology revolution, which has already begun and which will find its full expression over the course on the next 15 years. Among the most important items of Bridge Two will include stem cell therapy, therapeutic cloning, recombinant gene technology or "pharming" (genetically modifying bacteria, plants and farm animals to produce desired proteins) and developing a deeper understanding of the human genome with the ultimate goal of creating designer proteins ("proteomics"). All of these therapies are very exciting and will change medicine as we know it, so that is completely unrecognizable from the medicine of today … [find out more >>] |
| January 6, 2006 The Three Bridges to Longevity. Bridge One |
| There are several Bridge One technologies that people can do themselves without the aid of medical professionals. These include things like proper diet, caloric restriction, adequate exercise, stress management, aggressive nutritional supplementation, detoxification and proper care of your brain. There are also things that can be done with the help of medical professionals. For example, you can have your genomics tested; you can have tests done to determine specifics of your metabolism such as methylation, inflammation and glycation defects … [find out more >>] |
| November 24, 2005 Obituary – "Old Age" |
| Old age is given as the only cause of death in an increasing number of elderly patients who die each year, yet many have known pathologies and co-morbidities that go unrecorded. There can be little doubt that advanced age is a significant contributory factor in the deaths of the elderly but who and what is old? … [find out more >>] |
| November 22, 2005 Drug Kinetics during Aging |
| The age-related changes in the functions and composition of the human body require adjustments of drug selection and dosage for old individuals. Drug excretion via the kidneys declines with age, the elderly should therefore be treated as renally insufficient patients. The metabolic clearance is primarily reduced with drugs that display high hepatic extraction ('blood flow-limited metabolism'), whereas the metabolism of drugs with low hepatic extraction ('capacity-limited metabolism') usually is not diminished. Reduction of metabolic drug elimination is more pronounced in malnourished or frail subjects … [find out more >>] |
| October 26, 2005 Rejuvenation of Aged with the Help of Young |
| Ageing of metazoans can be generally characterized as a progressive decline of tissue and organ function, accompanied by increased oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, endocrine imbalance and genome instability. Tissue regenerative capacity also declines with age, and in tissues such as muscle, blood, liver and brain this decline has been attributed to a diminished responsiveness of tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells … [find out more >>] |
| October 19, 2005 Chromosomal Damage and Ageing |
| The ageing process consists of structural alterations and functional declines in body systems with a consequent impairment of homeostasis with increased vulnerability to age-related diseases, ultimately leading to death. The effects of ageing in individuals appear to be a combination of genetically programmed processes and genetic alterations induced by exogenous and endogenous factors. The increase of cellular components, damaged by highly reactive free radicals and associated with decreased DNA repair capability, play a central role in genetic instability, a common marker of cancer and age-associated degenerative diseases … [find out more >>] |
| September 20, 2005 Carotenoids, ROS and Immunity |
| The traditional concept of ROS function is that they indiscriminately destroy cell components. However, exciting research has more recently elucidated the role of these reactive species in signal transduction, gene regulation, and disease etiology. This has infused new excitement and challenges into research on the possible role of carotenoids as antioxidants in disease prevention. This discussion will attempt to address the complex interaction of carotenoids and the immune response, and how this interaction may relate to cancer etiology … [find out more >>] |
| September 13, 2005 Glutathione and Its Action |
| Glutathione (γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine; GSH) is the most abundant low-molecular-weight thiol, and GSH/glutathione disulfide is the major redox couple in animal cells. The synthesis of GSH from glutamate, cysteine, and glycine is catalyzed sequentially by two cytosolic enzymes, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH synthetase. Compelling evidence shows that GSH synthesis is regulated primarily by γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity, cysteine availability, and GSH feedback inhibition. Animal and human studies demonstrate that adequate protein nutrition is crucial for the maintenance of GSH homeostasis. In addition, enteral or parenteral cystine, methionine, N-acetylcysteine, and L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate are effective precursors of cysteine for tissue GSH synthesis … [find out more >>] |
| September 8, 2005 Immune Function, Dietary Restriction and Aging Benefits |
| Dietary restriction is beneficial in preventing a multitude of diseases, many of which may involve the immune system in their etiology. Recent reports examining dietary restriction focused on T lymphocytes and macrophages. Dietary restriction delays the onset of T-lymphocyte-dependent autoimmune disease; this may be attributed to improved antioxidant defense mechanisms, blunting shifts in T-lymphocyte subset proportions and preventing DNA mutation frequencies. The beneficial effects of dietary restriction were shown in both the CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte subsets as well as in various immune compartments such as the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, peripheral blood, thymus, and salivary glands … [find out more >>] |
| September 8, 2005 PPARγ, Caloric Restriction, Fat and Ageing |
| The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) helps to translate 'what you eat' into 'what you are' because it allows dietary fatty acids (PPARγ) ligands to modulate gene transcription. Treatments for diabetes include PPARγ activators, as they sensitize the body to insulin. Scientific understanding of PPARγ function has recently been enhanced by a flurry of human and mouse genetic studies, and the characterization of new PPARγ ligands. This insight has led scientists to propose that modulating PPARγ activity, rather than activating it, might be the most effective strategy for treating metabolic disorders, as this will improve glucose homeostasis while preventing adipogenesis … [find out more >>] |
| August 16, 2005 Micronutrients in Aging |
| The increase in average life expectancy is resulting in an increasing prevalence of major invalidating illnesses, such as dementia, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. We need to understand the mechanisms underlying the aging process so that we can help delay it. This is an absolute priority. The so-called free radical theory of aging might constitute a common link between all the aging theories formulated so far. Reactive species like those of oxygen (reactive oxygen species, ROS), nitrogen (reactive nitrogen species, RNS) and chlorine (reactive chlorine species, RCS) are produced during normal metabolism: a certain amount of ROS/RNS/RCS production is, in fact, necessary for proper health: for example, it helps the body's immune system to kill microorganisms. … [find out more >>] |
| June 28, 2005 Biology of the Aging Process |
| Old age in most species is associated with impaired adaptive and homeostatic mechanisms leading to susceptibility to environmental or internal stresses with increasing rates of disease and death. A number of different theories of primary aging independent of disease have been put forward over the past 50 years; however, it has been also suggested that aging is simply the convergence of various diseases … [find out more >>] |
| June 28, 2005 Aging, Disease and Drugs |
| The increase in the number of older people represents a profound demographic revolution with the potential for impact that will exceed even that of the Industrial Revolution. The proportion of the world's population over the age of 60 years doubled in the last century and will increase 2-to 3-fold during the first century of this millennium. Although aging has been considered largely a crisis for the global economy and health care services, the potential capacity for excellent health in older age, allowing older people to make a positive contribution to society should be recognized. Compression of morbidity and substantive positive cohort effects mean that it is almost certainly misleading to extrapolate from current levels of disease and disability to future generations of older people, potentially upending doomsday economic scenarios … [find out more >>] |
| May 24, 2005 Thymus Reconstitution Using IGF-I and Stem Cell Therapy |
| There has been considerable interest in using hormone replacement therapy to rejuvenate the involuted thymus during aging. GH and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), a mediator of GH actions, have been of particular interest because of their thymopoietic effects and the fact that their serum concentrations decline during aging. However, treatment of aging rodents with either GH or IGF-I does not restore thymus cellularity to levels present in young animals, suggesting that additional defects might limit the magnitude of their effects. In particular, deficiencies have been reported to accumulate in the bone marrow T cell precursor compartment during aging … [find out more >>] |
| May 18, 2005 Effects of Aging on GH, IGF-I, and their Binding Proteins |
| In man, both aging and GH deficiency are associated with reduced protein synthesis, decreases in lean body mass and bone mass, and increases in body fat. Caloric intake and energy expenditure decline with age, and older persons tend to weigh about 25% more than do younger adults. Total body protein synthesis, as measured by the labeled-nitrogen glycine tracer technique, is lower in older adults. Lean body mass, as estimated by potassium-40 counting, decreases from 25 to 70 yr of age by approximately 12 kg (27%) in men and 5 kg (15%) in women. These longitudinal data agree with cross-sectional results derived from more than 12,000 subjects and presumably reflect atrophic processes in skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, spleen, skin, and bone … [find out more >>] |
| May 10, 2005 Transcription-associated Mutation and Aging |
| Transcription is mutagenic so that over the life of an individual transcription-associated mutations should accumulate in the highly expressed genes whose products carry out translation and protein/RNA degradation. This targeted accumulation of mutations should ultimately compromise translation and protein/RNA degradation and hence the cellular steady-state. This may set an intrinsic limit to the number of times these crucial genes can express functional gene product, which can explain straightforwardly the classic comparative-biological trade-offs between fecundity, metabolic rate, longevity, etc. and the need to evade these limits may be behind the evolution of the metazoan germ-line and of the transcriptionally inactive micro-nucleus of protists … [find out more >>] |
| May 4, 2005 Perichromosomal Particles and their Role in Cellular Aging (Hypothesis) |
| According to the proposed hypothesis, the memory of a cell about the achieved state of cytodifferentiation is based on the existence of a postulated genetic structure termed here as a "printomere". A printomere is a relatively small linear DNA fragment that is laterally located on the chromosomal body and armed at its termini with peculiar analogs of chromosomal telomeres, which in this case are designated as "acromeres". The printomere locates along its chromosomal original "protoprintomere" and is bound to this chromosomal segment via proteins. The printomere codes for socalled fountain RNAs (fRNAs) … [find out more >>] |
| April 22, 2005 Neuroendocrinology and Aging |
| Brown Sequard, the "father of endocrinology," was probably the first experimental gerontologist. He believed that testicular hormone secretion declined with age in men (as demonstrated many years later) and this led to a general decrease in body functions. In 1889 at the age of 72 years, feeling that he was failing in physical and mental vigor, he injected himself with crushed dog and guinea pig testes to which a little water was added and passed through a Pasteur filter. He announced that this treatment reinvigorated him and that he could now work in his laboratory all day and after dinner in the evening, could write and follow other mental pursuits. This aroused considerable skepticism among some but also led to many attempts to improve declining body functions by endocrine and other means that continue to the present day … [find out more >>] |
| April 15, 2005 Growth Hormone in Aging |
| Growth hormone, also known as somatotropin, is a protein hormone of about 190 amino acids that is synthesized and secreted by cells called somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary. It is a major participant in control of several complex physiologic processes, including growth and metabolism. Growth hormone is also of considerable interest as a drug used in both humans and animals … [find out more >>] |
| April 12, 2005 Human Chronobiology and Nanorobots |
| The human body incorporates numerous biological clocks. The best-known and most-studied example is the daily (24-hour) endogenous circadian oscillator. This internal clock is normally reset by natural sunlight, which is much brighter than indoor lighting. The clock, in turn, sets the cadence for most of the other 24-hour body rhythms – for example, sleep/wakefulness cycles (e.g., melatonin), urine production, body temperature, blood cortisol and ACTH cycles, and the diurnal rhythm of mitosis in epidermal epithelium (e.g., greatest during sleep or inactivity, least during wakefulness or activity) … [find out more >>] |
| April 5, 2005 Oxidation and Disease |
| Oxidative modification of DNA, proteins, lipids and small cellular molecules by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a role in a wide range of common diseases and age-related degenerative conditions. These include cardiovascular disease, inflammatory conditions, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, mutations and cancer. Oxidant damage by ROS is linked to photoaging, radiation toxicity, cataract formation and macular degeneration; it is implicated in ischemia/reperfusion tissue injury and thought to play a role in decreased function of some immune cells. Antioxidants, including those in AGE, which protect against oxidative damage lower the risk of injury to vital molecules and to varying degrees may help prevent the onset and progression of disease … [find out more >>] |
| March 30, 2005 Garlic Extracts as a Protective Gear |
| Oxidative modification of DNA, proteins and lipids by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a role in aging and disease, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases and cancer. Extracts of fresh garlic that are aged over a prolonged period to produce aged garlic extract (AGE) contain antioxidant phytochemicals that prevent oxidant damage. These include unique water-soluble organosulfur compounds, lipid-soluble organosulfur components and flavonoids, notably allixin and selenium … [find out more >>] |
| February 28, 2005 Inflammatory Peptides |
| The low-grade inflammation seen with aging is noted particularly in subjects with the metabolic syndrome of aging. Insulin resistance, obesity/abdominal obesity, and risks for many age-related diseases characterize this common syndrome. It is becoming clear that this increased adipose tissue is not simply a reservoir for excess nutrients, but rather an active and dynamic organ capable of expressing several cytokines and other fat-derived peptides (FDP). Some, but not all, FDP may have a role in development of the metabolic syndrome but there is no evidence that these FDP are causing inflammation directly. We suggest that high levels of inflammatory peptides are markers for obesity/abdominal obesity seen with aging, but some may not necessarily have a causative role in the development of inflammation … [find out more >>] |
| February 7, 2005 Measuring Instruments of Time in the Cells of CNS |
| The central nervous system coordinates functioning of the whole animal organism. For the reason that the monitoring of biological time which is very important for the orderly performance of individual development (including the duration control of consecutive developmental events, the monitoring of continuance of state of maturity, as well as the tracking both of onset of aging and an endurance of aging as a part of organismal development), time control should be carried out, most rationally, just with participation of cells of this crucial command system of an animal organism. Different facts show in total that the brain is an initial substratum of aging, and DNA of neural cells is primary substratum of this process … [find out more >>] |
| January 28, 2005 Nicotine – Bright Side of Toxin |
| There's a cheap, common, and mostly safe drug, in daily use for centuries by hundreds of millions of people that only lately has been investigated for its therapeutic potential for a long list of common ills. The list includes Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, depression and anxiety, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and even pain and obesity. Why has interest in this potential cure-all been slow to develop? One reason: in its current forms the drug offers pharmaceutical companies no possibility of substantial profit. Another, perhaps more important: the drug is reviled, as the world's most addictive. The drug, of course, is nicotine … [find out more >>] |
| January 24, 2005 Testosterone and Neuroprotection |
| Testosterone, the gonadal sex steroid hormone, has various effects on numerous body tissues, including the brain. Beyond its reproductive function, this hormone is responsible for increased muscle mass, sexual function and libido, body hair and decreased risk of osteoporosis. Testosterone also takes part the in nervous system development. Gender-specific morphological and behavioral patterns of the adult are determined by the presence or absence of this hormone during certain critical periods of the central nervous system (CNS) development … [find out more >>] |
| January 12, 2005 Mental Fatigue and Glutamate Transport |
| Mental fatigue with reduced capacity for attention, concentration, and learning, as well as subsequent disturbance of short-term memory, is a common symptom in diseases with general or patchy neuroinflammation, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The mental fatigue often appears prior to other more prominent mental, cognitive, or physical symptoms from the nervous system in these diseases. Mental fatigue is also common during the rehabilitation after meningitis or encephalitis (postinfectious mental fatigue), stroke or brain trauma (posttraumatic mental fatigue), being especially troublesome when major neurological symptoms have disappeared and the patient is on his way back to work … [find out more >>] |
| January 5, 2005 Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Major Depression |
| Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a recurrent, debilitating, and potentially life threatening illness. Over the last 100 years, the age of onset of major depression has decreased, and its overall incidence has increased in Western countries. The increases in depression, up to 20-fold higher post 1945, cannot be fully explained by changes in attitudes of health professionals or society, diagnostic criteria, reporting bias, institutional or other artifacts. Despite advances in pharmacotherapy, and the increasing sophistication of cognitive/behavioral interventions, many patients with MDD remain treatment resistant … [find out more >>] |
| November 19, 2004 Chronic Stressors Display Potent Health Consequences for Older Adults, Accelerating Risk of a Host of Age-related Diseases |
| Overproduction of IL-6, a proinflammatory cytokine, is associated with a spectrum of age-related conditions including cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, arthritis, type 2 diabetes, certain cancers, periodontal disease, frailty, and functional decline. To describe the pattern of change in IL-6 over 6 years among older adults undergoing a chronic stressor, this longitudinal community study assessed the relationship between chronic stress and IL-6 production in 119 men and women who were caregiving for a spouse with dementia and 106 noncaregivers, with a mean age at study entry of 70.58 (SD = 8.03) for the full sample … [find out more >>] |
| November 10, 2004 Different View on Aging – Redusome Hypothesis of Aging |
| The redusome hypothesis of aging and the control of biological time in individual development is proposed. Redusomes are hypothetical perichromosomal particles arising in differentiation events during morphogenesis of an organism. The linear molecule of DNA covered with proteins in the redusome is assumed a copy of a segment of chromosomal DNA. Redusomes are located mainly in subtelomeric regions of chromosomes. The redusome does not leave the body of a chromosome even in the course of cellular divisions, being kept in its chromosomal nest … [find out more >>] |
| November 3, 2004 The Potential Role of Leptin in the Anti-aging Effect of CR, with a Focus on Neuroendocrine and Metabolic Adaptation |
| Organisms have evolved neuroendocrine and metabolic response systems to enhance survival during periods of food shortage, which occur frequently in nature. The anti-aging effect of caloric restriction (CR) might derive from these adaptive responses to maximize organism survival. Caloric restriction (CR) is an important paradigm in biomedical gerontology. Because the anti-aging effect of CR is robust and reproducible in many laboratory organisms, ongoing projects have been extended to nonhuman primates. The effects of CR have been explained from the evolutionary view that organisms have evolved neuroendocrine and metabolic response systems to maximize survival during periods of food shortage … [find out more >>] |
| October 25, 2004 Critical Proteins and Their Change in Organism |
| There is a large body of empiric evidence suggesting that changes in body composition reflect changes in metabolism of energy and protein within the body. For example, as lean mass is accrued during growth and adolescence, nitrogen balance is positive and protein metabolism favors synthesis. In obese subjects, there is a commensurate increase in fat mass and in fat oxidation. During starvation and under conditions of physiologic stress, loss of weight and negative elemental balances occur together. Thus, an underlying tenet of all research into the mechanisms of body composition change is that body composition is in equilibrium with metabolic state … [find out more >>] |
| October 18, 2004 Organism Differentiation Level, Stem Cell Depletion and Aging - Short Aging Hypothesis |
| Aging is a disease. Evolutionary aging became as a natural process. Nevertheless, there are still found some organisms that overcome aging process. Some of them are protozoa. Mainly all of their cells are stem cells capable to regenerate any part of the body. Mammals are similar organisms that differ in differentiated cell number, size, hormonal regulation etc. So, what could be the answer why so different organisms as protozoa are immortal and higher differentiation level organisms end their lives by dieing from age onset? Protozoa are characterized by very low number of differentiated cells. Not each but many of the cells in their body are totipotent or at least multipotent ... [find out more >>] |
| October 4, 2004 Immune System in Aging Body – Facts due to SENIEUR Studies |
| In general population, many protective immune responses are impaired in old age, leading to an increased risk of infection. However, recent studies in SENIEUR subjects (healthy centenarians who are examples of successful aging) suggest that complex remodeling and reshaping of the immune system occurs with aging. An appropriate regular regimen of endurance exercise might help elderly to lead a quality of life by preserving immune function. However, very little is known regarding the interaction between exercise, aging and the immune system ... [find out more >>] |
| September 21, 2004 Cell Therapy in Lung Injury Treatment |
| Fueled by the promise of regenerative medicine, currently there is unprecedented interest in stem cells. Furthermore, there have been revolutionary, but somewhat controversial, advances in our understanding of stem cell biology. Stem cells likely play key roles in the repair of diverse lung injuries. However, due to very low rates of cellular proliferation in vivo in the normal steady state, cellular and architectural complexity of the respiratory tract, and the lack of an intensive research effort, lung stem cells remain poorly understood compared to those in other major organ systems ... [find out more >>] |
| September 13, 2004 Dendritic Cells – New Tricks with Old Players |
| Malignant primary brain tumors now cause more deaths each year than some of the most notoriously prevalent malignancies, including melanoma. Ultimately, the infiltrative nature of the tumor, the impracticality of optimal resection, and the comparative intolerance of the normal brain for cytotoxic therapies create the need to pursue more specific treatment modalities. The immune system may provide some direction in this pursuit; as such, desired specificity is the hallmark of its normal surveillance function ... [find out more >>] |
| August 13, 2004 Metabolic Age Remodeling |
| In 1989 a general theory was proposed that suggested that ageing is indirectly controlled by a network of cellular and molecular defense mechanisms, including heat shock proteins, DNA repair mechanisms, apoptosis, and - at a more integrated level - the immune and the neuroendocrine systems (the network theory of ageing). The aim of this theory was to combine suggestions of evolutionary theories of ageing and data emerging from cellular and molecular biology of ageing. One prediction of this hypothesis is that animal and humans capable of reaching an age close to the extreme limit of the life span characteristic for the species may be equipped with a very efficient network of anti-ageing mechanisms ... [find out more >>] |
| June 21, 2004 Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Clinical practice. (Part 2) |
| Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been used for many years to treat various malignant and nonmalignant hematologic conditions. However, the high-dose conditioning regimen can lead to major organ dysfunction, life-threatening infection and bleeding. In a previous section, we reviewed allogeneic as well as autologous transplantation aspects. In the allogeneic setting, graft-versus-host disease may develop, making post-transplant management complex. Once a transplant recipient has been discharged from hospital and returns to his or her local community, the primary care physician can play an important role in care ... [find out more >>] |
| June 18, 2004 Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Clinical practice. (Part 1) |
| Bone marrow transplantation was first attempted, albeit unsuccessfully, in 1939, when human bone marrow cells were injected intravenously to treat a patient with aplastic anemia. Since that time, despite uneven progress and problems with entities such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the procedure has become an accepted treatment for various hematologic deficiencies and malignant conditions ... [find out more >>] |
| May 14, 2004 Immune Response Against Tumor Cells |
| Therapeutic vaccines that have targeted established disease in cancer patients have not been successful in eliciting significant, long-lasting tumor regression. Over the last several decades most attempts to vaccinate against cancer and generate an antitumor response have been in patients with measurable tumors, and the clinical endpoint of such trials has been to evaluate a reduction in tumor burden. The inability to effectively decrease tumor growth with active immunization is most likely due, in large part, to an unfavorable tumor microenvironment incapable of propagating a robust immune response. The defects in the tumor environment are many ... [find out more >>] |
| April 29, 2004 Fetal-Maternal Microchimerism – Damage and Remedy |
| Microchimerism refers to a small population of cells or DNA in one individual that derives from another genetically distinct individual. Cell traffic between mother and fetus during pregnancy has recently been found to result in long-term persistence of fetal cells (fetal microchimerism) in the mother and maternal cells in her progeny (maternal microchimerism). Microchimerism may also result from twin-twin transfer in utero. Although not formally proven, fetal microchimerism is presumed to persist after miscarriage and abortion. Theoretically, microchimerism could also derive from an older sibling transferred via the maternal circulation to the fetus of a later pregnancy ... [find out more >>] |
| April 27, 2004 Organ Engineering |
| The development of the neural crest-derived sensory, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems is an intricate process that directs the egress of crest cells from the dorsal neural tube, their migration and differentiation in distinct ganglia, and their ultimate projections to maturing peripheral organs. This feat requires the coordination of complex sets of target-derived cues that play instructive roles in neuronal differentiation, survival, and pathfinding in vivo, to ensure that neuron numbers precisely match target innervation requirements. Although neurotrophic factors, including the neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), as well as ... [find out more >>] |
| April 8, 2004 VEGF Role in Neurodegeneration |
| No factor is better known for its angiogenic effects than vascular endothelization growth factor (VEGF) – this molecule has been implicated in virtually every type of angiogenic disorder, including those associated with cancer, ischemia, and inflammation. Recent studies have revealed, however, that VEGF is also involved in neurodegeneration. How can we explain this unexpected finding? It turns out that the role of VEGF in the nervous system is not restricted only to regulating vessel growth: VEGF also has direct effects on different types of neural cells – including even neural stem cells (NSCs). This link between angiogenesis and neurogenesis offers novel opportunities to better decipher the insufficiently understood molecular pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders, and promises to open future avenues for improved treatment ... [find out more >>] |
| March 30, 2004 Dendritic Cells – Future Hope for New Vaccine Development |
| Aging is not only associated with decreased metabolic rate, miss regulated hormone secretion, common age related diseases, other annoying disorders. The decrease in immune system in general is observed here too. For example amount of basic antibodies responsible for immune response, in the person of 50 and 70 is lower at least in 2 fold. A depletion of immunocompetent cells in the blood of elderly persons is also a rule. Because of this elderly people are more prone to acquire chronic diseases, which are not common in young ones. There are evidence that Alzheimer's disease is caused by ... [find out more >>] |
| March 16, 2004 Oxidative Stress, Carotenoids and Immune Response |
| The immune system is comprised of innate (natural) and acquired (adaptive) immunity. Acquired immunity is composed of lymphocytes; these are highly active cells that constantly generate reactive oxidative products (ROS) as a part of their normal cellular activity. Oxidizing pollutants and many viruses also can induce ROS production by normal cells. The ROS are highly reactive and can destroy cellular membranes, cellular proteins and nucleic acids. One mechanism by which the innate branch of the immune system protects the animal is by phagocytizing and subsequently killing antigens through an oxidative bactericidal mechanism termed respiratory burst ... [find out more >>] |
| March 2, 2004 Andropause in Aging Males |
| In primary care practice, it is not unusual to encounter male patients in their 50s or older who report having loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, and depression. Such signs and symptoms may signal an age-related decline in androgen levels, which commonly begin after age 40. The term andropause refers to a state of lowered androgen levels. Androgens are a group of hormones that include testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and androstenedione, among others. There is undeniable evidence that aging results in a lowering of androgen levels ... [find out more >>] |
| February 20, 2004 Stress and Cellular Senescence |
| Cellular senescence is the most fundamental aspects of cell behavior. Most types of primary normal cells that are grown in culture do not proliferate indefinitely. Instead, after a period of rapid proliferation, their division rate slows, ultimately ceasing altogether. Such cells become unresponsive to mitogenic stimuli yet can remain viable for extended periods of time. Upon entering the state of senescence, cells undergo a dramatic change in morphology – their volume increases and they lose their original shape, acquiring a flattened cytoplasm ... [find out more >>] |
| February 17, 2004 Mechanisms Involved in Cardiovascular Pathology |
| Organism is a system, and aging is great systemic impact to this system. The strike here is onto homeostasis. When it is muddled pathological processes takes over. It is common that aging begins gradually and overtakes different systems in different time. One of systems we will discuss here- cardiovascular with most common elements and mechanisms ... [find out more >>] |
| February 12, 2004 Most Actual Topics in Aging |
| There is no question that finding solutions to cognitive decline and the behavioral problems associated with it is a central area in geriatrics. Our knowledge of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease is moving forward rapidly. While beta-amyloid has taken center stage, both as a neurotransmitter that produces learning and memory disturbances as well as an initiator of tissue destruction, possibly through free radical activation, there is also increasing understanding of the tauopathies. A recent study showed that measuring the protein in lip epithelial tissue could possibly be used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease ... [find out more >>] |
| February 10, 2004 Telomeres and Cancer |
| Every day, we sacrifice many varied cell types such as granulocytes, keratinocytes, hepatocytes, and erythrocytes at the altar of organismal homeostasis. For the individual to thrive, lost cells must be constantly replaced, and recent evidence has identified significant capacities for repair and regeneration even in organs once thought to be postmitotic such as the pancreatic islet and the brain. Given this continuous cellular attrition, normal tissue function requires that the rate of cell loss be matched by the rate of renewal. Aging is hastened by forces that either accelerate cellular loss or retard tissue repair. When loss exceeds repair, ensuing cellular attrition eventually leads to a decline in organ function and ultimately failure ... [find out more >>] |
| January 26, 2004 Genetic Engineering to Mollify Neurodegenerative Disorders |
| The nervous system, made up largely of a population of postmitotic nondividing cells, is subject to degenerative conditions that occur with increasing frequency in old age. Those are recognized as "diseases", as opposed to simply aging, tend to affect selective, defined groups of neurons with specific biochemical and functional characteristics to produce the disease phenotype. Examples of such focal or restricted neurodegeneration include Parkinson's disease (PD), resulting from degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra to produce the triad of bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor, and motor neuron disease (MND), in which degeneration of "lower" motor neurons in the spinal cord and "upper" motor neurons in the brain result in weakness without involvement of sensory or higher cortical functions ... [find out more >>] |
| January 21, 2004 Brain Injury Regeneration |
| Most people working with brain-injured patients in the field of neurorehabilitation today probably take it for granted that, under the right conditions, some degree of "plasticity" and recovery may be possible. However, the actual notion that recovery of function can be promoted by pharmacologic agents, the transplantation of fetal or stem cell tissues, environmental stimulation, hormonal factors and such, is really a very new idea. Twenty-five to thirty years ago, most neuropsychologists accepted the hypothesis that, in the damaged adult brain especially, after a functional area was lost, there was no possibility of recovery, regeneration, or repair. There is now more debate and more empirical evidence that functional recovery can occur under certain conditions ... [find out more >>] |
| November 5, 2003 Vitamin C, General Overview. Truth and Lies in Healing Effect |
| Organism is an integrated system; all processes are closely related there. Lots of molecules in billions of cells interact every second. As a result of such interactions organisms get lots of different chemical reactions and compounds. Some of them are useful, other harmful. As an engine: we use fuel and get energy plus waist. In organism during such reactions we get lots of "waist" compounds, one of them are reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is already known that ROS play a crucial role in aging and age related diseases. As being very reactive it damages our hereditary/information (DNA) system, proteins, general function of cells in common ... [find out more >>] |
| October 14, 2003 Role of Mitochondria Mutations in Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| Over the last decade, the underlying genetic bases of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington disease (HD), Friedreich ataxia (FRDA), hereditary spastic paraplegia, and rare familial forms of Parkinson disease (PD), Alzheimer disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have been identified. However, the etiologies of sporadic AD, PD, and ALS, which are among the most common neurodegenerative diseases, are still unclear, as are the pathogenic mechanisms giving rise to the various, and often highly stereotypical, clinical features of these diseases. Despite the differential clinical features of the various neurodegenerative disorders, the fact that neurons are highly dependent on oxidative energy metabolism has ... [find out more >>] |
| October 9, 2003 Oxidative Stress Role in Ageing Through Influence on Cell Cycle |
| While numerous studies have examined the existence of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in later-onset neurodegenerative disorders, the mechanism by which neurons die under conditions of oxidative stress remains largely unknown. Fairly recent evidence has suggested that one mechanism linked to the death of terminally differentiated neurons is aberrant reentry into the cell cycle. This phenomenon has been reported in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients, Down syndrome patients, and several mouse neurodegenerative models. Here it will be overviewed recent findings regarding the influence of oxidative stress on neurodegeneration and possible connections between oxidative stress and unscheduled cell cycle reentry, the understanding of which could lead to new strategies in the development of therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative disorders ... [find out more >>] |
| September 5, 2003 Spontaneous Regression of Cancer Phenomena is Linked to Specific Mechanisms Decreasing with Age |
| Regression of human cancers without treatment (spontaneous regression, SR) is well documented for many types of cancer, but occurs infrequently. The most intriguing implication of SR is that there might be a rare, but extremely effective, mechanism engaged to eradicate cancer cells after the development of advanced malignancy. Despite efforts over many decades, the mechanism(s) of SR in humans and animals has remained elusive ... [find out more >>] |
| September 4, 2003 Neurogenesis is a Whole Life Process |
| Process of neurogenesis is known to proceed in newborns. Adults, it was thought, have their finite number of neuronal cells, which doesn't change until death. So because of their degeneration with age and inability to renovate we have neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's etc.). Recent studies with stem cells opened new gates of cell's renovation possibilities. Human body is not as rigid as it was thought earlier; cells responsible for regeneration processes are present in all human tissues without any exception and these cells are called stem cells. But let's start from neurons and neurogenesis ... [find out more >>] |
| September 3, 2003 Calorie Restriction and Gene Expression in Aging Organisms |
| Caloric restriction (CR) is the only intervention shown to extend lifespan in mammals. It is also the most effective means known of reducing cancer incidence and increasing the mean age of onset of age-related diseases and tumors. Beside this, caloric restriction retards the development of a broad spectrum of other pathophysiological changes. It is well known that aging is associated with specific transcriptional alterations in the gastrocnemius muscle, cerebral cortex, liver, cerebellum tissues, etc. CR can prevent or delay most of the largest age-related transcriptional alterations. The effects of life-span-extending caloric restriction (CR) on gene expression in the liver were examined by DNA micro array analysis — a useful tool capable to ... [find out more >>] |
| August 22, 2003 Genes and Aging |
| The analysis of single-gene mutations in flies and nematode worms has begun to yield important clues to the molecular basis of aging and genetic control of longevity in invertebrates. At present there are four examples of single gene mutations that extend longevity in mammals. The best documented of these is the Ames dwarf mutation, now known as Prop-1df, which in homozygous form has been shown to extend longevity by ~50% in both males and females. Homozygous df/df mice show defects in embryonic development of the anterior pituitary that lead to an absence of cells responsible for the production of growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone, and prolactin (PRL). The small body size of these mice is apparent within the first 3 weeks of age, and young adults are approximately one-third of the size of +/df or +/+ littermates, which are ... [find out more >>] |
| August 21, 2003 Mysterious Klotho |
| Mice homozygous for severely hypomorphic alleles of the Klotho gene (klotho mice) exhibit a syndrome resembling human aging, including atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, emphysema, and infertility. Based on both macroscopic and histological appearance, klotho mice are developmentally normal until 3-4 weeks of age. Thereafter, they exhibit growth retardation, gradually become inactive, and die prematurely at ~8-9 weeks of age. The klotho gene encodes a putative type I membrane protein, which consists of an N-terminal signal sequence, an extracellular domain with two internal repeats (KL1 and KL2), a single transmembrane domain, and a short intracellular domain. The two internal repeats share homology with ... [find out more >>] |
| August 20, 2003 Old Fibroblasts Could Be Responsible for Developing Cancer |
| Mammalian cells can respond to damage or stress by entering a state of arrested growth and altered function termed cellular senescence. Several lines of evidence suggest that the senescence response suppresses tumorigenesis. Cellular senescence is also thought to contribute to aging, but the mechanism is not well understood. Senescent human fibroblasts stimulate premalignant and malignant, but not normal, epithelial cells to proliferate in culture and form tumors in mice. In culture, the growth stimulation was evident when senescent cells comprised only 10% of the fibroblast population and was equally robust whether senescence was induced by replicative exhaustion, oncogenic RAS, p14ARF, or hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, it was ... [find out more >>] |
| July 19, 2003 ROS, DNA Damage and Genome Maintenance |
| The accumulation of somatic damage is now considered a main cause of the aging process in species varying from nematodes and insects to mice and humans. Among the various sources of somatic damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS), the natural by-products of oxidative energy metabolism, are often considered as the ultimate cause of aging. However, free radicals also participate in physiological processes that benefit fitness, such as growth factor signal transduction. Thus, optimal energy production must be balanced against the damaging effects of ROS. This trade-off is highlighted by several recent reports on mouse mutants with extended life-span. Inactivation of ... [find out more >>] |
| July 15, 2003 Calorie Restriction – Interspecies Phenomena! |
| Calorie restriction in rodents is already known to slow down aging process. What could be the result of such prescription of healthier life to primates and humans? Does this "anti-aging, health increasing drug" works in all organisms uniformly? Starting with yeast and ending with humans? ... [find out more >>] |
| June 25, 2003 Alteration of DNA Methylation Could Be the Way to Cell Aging |
| Methylation of genes, DNA repeated sequences are just a way of gene regulation. Of cause as organism is an integrated system, so the possibility that DNA methylation is involved in aging could not be ignored. By comparing germ cell to any somatic cell due to methylation difference we could decide, if this possibility will be true, or at least find some mechanisms, which can help us to go further into experiment. Let's start from a concern that increased paternal age may be associated with altered fertility and an increased incidence of birth defects in man. Earlier, the abnormalities in the fertility and in the embryos sired by older males were observed. Aging in mammals is associated with ... [find out more >>] |
| June 12, 2003 Skin Aging |
| Skin serves as a protective barrier between internal organs and the environment. Skin is a complex organ with multiple cell types and structures. Skin is divided into three regions: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The epidermis is the cell-rich superficial layer composed mainly of keratinocytes, which are the most numerous cells in the skin, pigment producing melanocytes, and antigen presenting Langerhans cells. A basement membrane separates the epidermis from the dermis, which is composed primarily of extracellular matrix proteins, produced by resident fibroblasts. The vascular supply to the skin resides in the dermis. The subcutaneous tissue consists of fat cells that ... [find out more >>] |
| May 28, 2003 C.Elegans as a Model for Aging Research |
| When the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans was first considered as a model for the study of ageing, few foresaw how valuable it would prove to be. More than 50 genes that extend lifespan have now been described. Some of these genes regulate a key developmental switch, while the others control core processes, such as the overall rate of metabolism. These are exactly the kinds of processes predicted to be important to longevity by the evolutionary theories of ageing, which suggests that ... [find out more >>] |
| May 27, 2003 Telomeres, Senescence, History |
| Telomeres now are well known units of molecular cell system. They play great role in cell life cycle regulation, sometimes they are called molecular clock of the cell. Lets remember the history of telomeres, how everything started ... [find out more >>] |
| May 21, 2003 Model for CR Effects on Mammalian Aging |
| For almost 70 years, calorie restriction has been known to extend life span. Despite the extensive physiological characterisation of this dietary regimen, the molecular basis for the slowing in aging remains unsolved. Several classical models for CR propose a ... [find out more >>] |
| May 20, 2003 Links Between CR, Aging, and Apoptosis |
| Scientists in several recent studies suggested, that apoptosis might limit mammalian life span. Mice with a targeted disruption in the p66shc gene exhibited a ... [find out more >>] |
| April 8, 2003 Free Radicals and Stress Proteins are Modulators of the Ageing Process |
| Considerable data has been presented concerning the possibility that oxidative processes play important roles in the pathogenesis of many common disorders such as coronary heart disease and some cancers, in addition to a fundamental role in the ageing process. Several theories of ageing have been proposed ... [find out more >>] |
| April 8, 2003 Ageing is Associated with an Enhanced Free Radical Generation and Oxidative Damage to Skeletal Muscle |
| Most studies have provided indirect evidence of an age-related increased production of free radicals in skeletal muscle with an increased production of products of protein, lipid and DNA oxidation and an enhanced oxidative damage to ... [find out more >>] |
| March 27, 2003 Klotho Gene Could Be Involved in Aging? |
| Mice homozygous for severely hypomorphic alleles of the Klotho gene (klotho mice) exhibit a syndrome resembling human aging, including atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, emphysema, and infertility. Based on both macroscopic and histological appearance, klotho mice ar ... [find out more >>] |
| March 19, 2003 Neurodegeneration and Aging |
| Many elderly individuals exhibit mild motor and cognitive alterations reminiscent of those found in neurodegeneration. This observation gave birth to the popular idea that ... [find out more >>] |
| March 17, 2003 mtDNA Change During Aging |
| Recently a large aging-dependent accumulation of tissue-specific point mutations at critical control sites for mtDNA replication in human skin fibroblasts and skeletal muscle was reported. Such mutations increasing with age could influence ... [find out more >>] |
| February 18, 2003 RNA Degradation and Aging |
| Gene expression is a combination of many processes, including transcription, pre-mRNA processing, nucleocytoplasmic transport of mRNA, translation, mRNA decay, and protein modification and decay. Many changes in the programs of gene expression occur during development, differentiation, and aging. These alterations are ... [find out more >>] |
| February 12, 2003 Extensive Allelic Variation and Ultra Short Telomeres in Senescent Human Cells |
| In the early embryonic period cells have a determined length of telomere endings. As organism develops by cell differentiation, cells keep ... [find out more >>] |
| February 3, 2003 MtDNA in Aging, Cancer and Mitochondrial Disease? |
| Mitochondria are the main integrated power organelles in the cell. And they are straightly concerned with cell and organism. It is well known that ... [find out more >>] |
| January 25, 2003 Telomere Endings and Rb Family Proteins |
| An interesting finding by M. A. Blasco et al. was published in Nature, where it was shown that telomere endings were controlled by Rb family proteins. As the molecular ... [find out more >>] |
| January 21, 2003 IGF-1R and Lifespan |
| Recent studies of positive IGF-1 influence on lifespan showed that it is highly involved into the regulation of individual's longevity and ... [find out more >>] |
| January 15, 2003 Nucleolus Protein Involved in Immortality |
| A new protein influencing cell cycle has been described in the recent number of Genes and Development. A protein known as ... [find out more >>] |
| December 30, 2002 The Role of the Nervous System in Lifespan Determination |
| There is generally a positive correlation between brain/body size ratio and lifespan, particularly among mammals, suggesting a role for the brain in determining lifespan. Recent studies in diverse organisms including ... [find out more >>] |
| December 13, 2002 Gut hormone PYY3-36, food intake and longevity |
| It is well known that calorie restriction prolongs life span in rodents. This works by slowing metabolic rate, and ... [find out more >>] |
| December 6, 2002 Aging Tricks |
| When the tiny worm Caenorhabditis elegans cannot sense what is going on in its immediate surroundings, there is a surprising payoff. It lives up to twice as long as ... [find out more >>] |
| December 5, 2002 Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor I in Brain Amyloid-β Levels Regulation |
| Levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), a neuroprotective hormone, decrease in serum during aging, whereas amyloid-β (Aβ), which is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, accumulates in the brain. High brain Aβ levels ... [find out more >>] |
| November 29, 2002 Facts and Theories Why Body Weight is Correlated to Longevity and Mortality |
| In the US, obesity has increased by 30% over the last half century. American males are now about 25 kg heavier than ... [find out more >>] |
| November 20, 2002 Lifespan Extension and Delayed Immune and Collagen Aging in Mutant Mice with Defects in Growth Hormone Production |
| The analysis of single-gene mutations in flies and nematode worms has begun to yield important clues to the molecular basis of aging and genetic control of longevity in invertebrates. At present ... [find out more >>] |
| October 17, 2002 Aging and Protein Synthesis Machinery |
| Scientists from Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey declares that although ... [find out more >>] |
| October 15, 2002 Teeth Forever! |
| A team of scientists grew accurate versions of natural teeth in a laboratory, raising the possibility of ... [find out more >>] |
| September 28, 2002 The Role of GH and IGF-1 in Mechanisms of Aging |
| The above critique of the application of models of GH/IGF-1 deficiency to aging research indicates that the precise roles of GH and IGF-1 in regulation of lifespan are ... [find out more >>] |
| September 5, 2002 Extension of the Life Span with Superoxide Dismutase/Catalase Mimetics |
| Reactive oxygen species (ROS) primarily arise as by-products of normal metabolic activities and are thought to influence the etiology of age-related diseases. If ... [find out more >>] |
| September 5, 2002 Effects of Aging on Central and Peripheral Mammalian Clocks |
| The suprachiazmatic nucleus (SCN) is a circadian pacemaker structure that drives myriad behavioral and physiological rhythms in mammals. Surgical ... [find out more >>] |
| September 4, 2002 Aging and Gene Expression in Brain |
| Although the molecular basis of aging remains unknown, a large body of evidence indicates that oxidative stress results in DNA damage that subsequently ... [find out more >>] |
| July 19, 2002 The Aging Factors |
| The aging of higher organisms is multi-factorial process. It is influenced and modified by ... [find out more >>] |
| July 18, 2002 Aging Chromatin and Food Restriction |
| Aging hypotheses are resumed into two categories: first invokes extrinsic and intrinsic factors that damage intracellular or extra cellular ... [find out more >>] |
| July 18, 2002 Vitamin E Influence on Brain and Lymphocyte Band 3 Proteins |
| The role of free radicals and oxidative damage in relation to cellular aging is a subject that has received considerable attention recently. It has been well documented that ... [find out more >>] |
| July 18, 2002 A Genetically Engineered Model Mouse Resembling Human Aging |
| A new mouse mutant, termed klotho, was discovered that exhibits a syndrome resembling human aging, including a reduced life span, decreased ... [find out more >>] |
| July 17, 2002 DHEA Sulphate - Antiaging Compound? |
| During the past five decades, a myriad of animal experiments has suggested that DHEA is a multifunctional hormone with ... [find out more >>] |